1.+Resistance+during+Holocaust

= Page question: = toc // "Discuss the types of resistance that took place during the Holocaust. When were they used? Why weren’t there more overt forms of resistance?" //


 * By Sohini**
 * Source: Tour guide at Sachsenhausen Concentration camp**

1. Types of resistance (when, where and how)

 * Assassination attempts
 * Escaping (from concentration camps)
 * Pamphlet drops
 * to raise awareness and educate people on what was happening
 * the pamphlets were often disguised as something else, for example tutorials or instructions on what to do during an emergency
 * they would be in disguised packages, as people would be more likely to pick them up and read them that way
 * not very useful, as 80% of the pamphlets taken were handed over to the Gestapo
 * Protests
 * Information packages

__Resistance Within Concentration Camps__
 * If prisoners found put that they were going to be deported, they sometimes tried to escape
 * They were sometimes helped by their inmates

__Resistance Outside Camps__ Martin Niemoeller (member of Confession Church)
 * Klaus Graf von Stauffenberg
 * assassination attempt, 20th July 1944
 * known as “the wolf”
 * Ludwig Beck
 * leader of resistance group
 * Henning von Tresckow
 * assassination attempt
 * Kreisau Kreis (resistance group)
 * Weisse Rose (White Rose, student resistance group)
 * Rote Kappelle (Soviets)
 * Kaethe Niederkirchner
 * Otto Weidt
 * Dietrich Bonhoeffer (member of Confessing Church)
 * Confessing Church: Anti-Nazi church
 * Against Ludwig Müller, a friend of Hitler’s
 * Johan Georg Elser
 * Assassination attempt against Hitler
 * November 1939
 * Planted bomb in a carved column in a podium, where Hitler was supposed to give a speech
 * The bomb went off 13 minutes after Hitler left
 * Johan Georg Elser was caught on his way to Switzerland
 * He was a special prisoner at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp

__Student Resistance__
 * The Rosenstraße protest
 * February/March 1943

2. Why wasn't there more resistance?

 * There was the:
 * Gestapo
 * Police
 * SD
 * SS
 * In the time period of 1945-1950 (post world war), 20,000 - 25,000 people died, while 60,000 people were imprisoned in camps. It is unlikely that no one knew about this, but despite this, even though people may have been well aware of what was going on, they may have not done anything against it out of __fear__.
 * Any association with resistance (even being seen with an information pamphlet) could get in trouble
 * People may have been wary of being seen and/or being told on, for example by their neighbors
 * Suspects were interrogated, which discouraged people to have anything to do with resistance at all
 * All resistance caught would be punished (executed)
 * Within concentration camps:
 * Every day, attendance was taken at the camps twice a day. If one inmate from a cabin was found missing, the other inmates from that cabin would be punished. This probably discouraged prisoners from helping their inmates to escape.